Defect-Passivated Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells Achieving 31.4% Certified Stabilized Efficiency

Havid Aqoma; Wei-Lin Chen; Ari Santoso, M.Sc.; Nadia Putri

doi:10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.v1

PeerRxiv:2610.00418v1 · CHEM-MAT / Energy Materials & Photovoltaics

Defect-Passivated Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells Achieving 31.4% Certified Stabilized Efficiency

Dr. Havid Aqoma (Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUM))
ORCID: 0000-0003-1264-1916 · Pooled Credits: 1 Cr

Dr. Wei-Lin Chen (National University of Singapore (NUS))
ORCID: 0000-0003-4412-9081 · Pooled Credits: 1 Cr

Ari Santoso, M.Sc. (Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB))
ORCID: 0000-0002-7721-1029 · Pooled Credits: 1 Cr

Dr. Nadia Putri (Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM))
ORCID: 0000-0002-9910-4412 · Pooled Credits: 1 Cr

CANONICAL CITATION ID

PeerRxiv:2610.00418v1

PEERRXIV VERSION DOI

10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.v1

FREE CERN ZENODO DATACITE DOI

10.5281/zenodo.1400418

BAYESIAN SCORE / WILSON 95% LB

3.98 / 5.00 (LB 34.2%)

Abstract

Halide segregation and interfacial non-radiative recombination in wide-bandgap (1.78 eV) perovskite top cells remain the primary operational bottleneck limiting monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics. Here, we introduce a zwitterionic pseudohalide surface-anchoring molecular dipole that simultaneously suppresses photo-induced iodide migration and passivates under-coordinated Pb(II) defect states at the electron-transport interface. Across 140 encapsulated devices, quasi-Fermi level splitting improves by 68 meV, enabling a certified stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.4% (active area 1.04 cm²) and T90 operational stability exceeding 1,850 hours under ISOS-L-2 maximum power point tracking at 65 °C.

Version Lineage (Before v1 vs. After v2)

V1 — Before Peer Review (Original Manuscript v1) · DOI: 10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.v1 · 2026-10-14

Original submitted manuscript before peer review (18 pages, 6 figures, raw ISOS-L-2 dataset).

Public Signed Referee Reports (2)

Prof. Lukas Schneider (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB)) · ORCID: 0000-0002-5519-0012 Round 1 [ORIGINAL] · Verdict: ENDORSED (undefined/5.0) · DOI: 10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.r1

Summary: An exceptionally rigorous experimental study. The certified 31.4% stabilized efficiency and 140-device statistical distribution set a high benchmark for wide-bandgap perovskite passivation.

Critique: Please include the forward-to-reverse J-V hysteresis index distribution across the 140 devices in Supplementary Table S2 and clarify the exact relative humidity during the ISOS-L-2 chamber test.

Dr. Priya Ramanathan (University of Oxford) · ORCID: 0000-0001-7782-9930 Round 1 [ORIGINAL] · Verdict: ENDORSED (undefined/5.0) · DOI: 10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.r2

Summary: The XPS and GIWAXS characterization convincingly proves that the zwitterionic dipole suppresses halide segregation without forming an insulating 2D barrier.

Critique: In Section 2, please report the uncertainty bounds on the Arrhenius activation energy fit (0.64 ± 0.04 eV) from temperature-dependent conductivity measurements.

BibTeX Citation Record (Includes Signed Open Peer Reviews)

@article{aqoma2026peerrxiv00418v1,
  author        = {Havid Aqoma and Wei-Lin Chen and Ari Santoso and Nadia Putri},
  title         = {{Defect-Passivated Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells Achieving 31.4% Certified Stabilized Efficiency}},
  journal       = {PeerRxiv Open Science Repository},
  year          = {2026},
  month         = oct,
  eid           = {PeerRxiv:2610.00418v1},
  eprint        = {PeerRxiv:2610.00418v1},
  archivePrefix = {PeerRxiv},
  primaryClass  = {chem-mat},
  issn          = {0000-0000},
  doi           = {10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.v1},
  note          = {PeerRxiv Open Preprint (IN OPEN REVIEW); Dual Free DataCite DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1400418},
  url           = {http://www.peerrxiv.org/abs/peerrxiv.2026.00418}
}

@misc{aqoma2026peerrxiv00418v1_review_r1,
  author       = {Lukas Schneider},
  title        = {{Signed Open Referee Report (Round 1, ORIGINAL Seat) on: Defect-Passivated Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells Achieving 31.4% Certified Stabilized Efficiency}},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {PeerRxiv Open Science Repository},
  doi          = {10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.r1},
  url          = {http://www.peerrxiv.org/doi/10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.r1},
  note         = {Verdict: ENDORSED (undefined/5.0)}
}

@misc{aqoma2026peerrxiv00418v1_review_r2,
  author       = {Priya Ramanathan},
  title        = {{Signed Open Referee Report (Round 1, ORIGINAL Seat) on: Defect-Passivated Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells Achieving 31.4% Certified Stabilized Efficiency}},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {PeerRxiv Open Science Repository},
  doi          = {10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.r2},
  url          = {http://www.peerrxiv.org/doi/10.5555/peerrxiv.2026.00418.r2},
  note         = {Verdict: ENDORSED (undefined/5.0)}
}